FESTA. D2.4 Data analysis and modelling

The chapter of the handbook and the deliverable on data analysis will provide guidance and general principles for - pre-testing to check the usability of the system and the feasibility of the evaluation process, - controlling the consistency of the chain and the precision with different sampling schemes, - modelling the impact for each indicators and for an integrated evaluation including a systemic and multidisciplinary interpretation of the effects, - integrating and controlling the quality of space-time data from various sources (numerical, video, questionnaires), - selecting the appropriate statistical techniques for data processing, PI estimation and hypothesis testing in accordance to the list of indicators and experimental design, - scaling up from experimental data and identified models to population and network level. Experimentalists stress the role and importance of a preliminary field test in FOT. Three main objectives have been defined to make a preliminary diagnosis of usability of the systems and to check the relevance and feasibility of the evaluation process. These preliminary tests are very important for the practical deployment of the FOT as well as for the overall scientific evaluation process. Recommendations about the monitoring of local and global consistency of the chain of operations from the database extraction to the hypothesis testing are given, especially to ensure the validation of the calculation of the Performance indicators. Integration of the outputs of the different analysis and hypothesis testing requires a kind of meta-model and the competences of a multidisciplinary evaluation team, specially for interpretation of the system impact and secondary effects (behavioural adaptation, learning process, long-term retroaction, …). In cooperation with WP2.2, methods for data quality control have been defined. Four types of checks have been defined to complement the information of the data base in order to prepare the data for the analysis. Statistical methods have been described for three steps of the chain: data processing, PI calculation and hypothesis testing. They belong either to exploratory data analysis or to inferential analysis. Special attention has been given to the precision of the estimates of the effects or impacts of the system on the Performance indicators by stressing the importance of controlled randomisation and application of mixed regression models. Scaling-up relies upon the potential to extrapolate from the PIs to estimates of the impact at an aggregated level. Three approaches have been defined to carry out the scaling up process from direct estimations to simulation models with the related assumptions. Models and methodologies for scaling up results on traffic flow, environmental effects (e.g. PM10, CO2, Noise emissions in db) and traffic safety have been collected

SafetyNet final activity report

SafetyNet final activity repor

The European road accident observatory

The European road accident observator

Building the European Road Safety Observatory. SafetyNet. Deliverable 5.7, Fatal accident database. Appendix 1 – analysis of accidents involving passenger car.

Building the European Road Safety Observatory. SafetyNet. Deliverable 5.7, Fatal accident database. Appendix 1 – analysis of accidents involving passenger car

Additional file 1: of SurvivalGWAS_Power: a user friendly tool for power calculations in pharmacogenetic studies with “time to event” outcomes

Details of Weibull regression model. (DOCX 14 kb

Optimization of simultaneous carotenes and vitamin E (tocols) extraction from crude palm olein using response surface methodology

<p>In this study, response surface methodology was utilized to determine the optimal conditions for the extraction of carotenes (α- and β-carotene) and tocols (α-tocopherol, α-, γ-, and δ-tocotrienol) from crude palm olein using ethyl lactate (EL) and ethanol (EtoL) in a temperature-controlled mixer-settler system. Central composite design with four factors including temperature (<i>X</i>₁), mixing time (<i>X</i>₂), volume fraction (VF) of olein (<i>X</i>₃), and VF of EtOL (<i>X</i>₄) was used to investigate the multivariate relationship with the five responses including enrichment factor and recovery of both carotenes and tocols. The optimum extraction conditions were determined at 20°C, 10 min of mixing, 48% of crude palm olein, 31.2% of EL and 20.8% of EtoL (corresponding to 0.5 VF of olein and 0.4 VF of EtoL). The enrichment factors of carotenes and tocols were 0.88 and 2.56, respectively while 11.3% of carotenes and 31.2% of tocols were recovered.</p

Thoracic aortic injury in motor vehicle crashes: the effect of impact direction, side of body struck and seat belt use

Using in-depth, realworld motor vehicle crash data from the United States and the United Kingdom, we aimed to assess the incidence and risk factors associated with thoracic aorta injuries

Designing the European road safety observatory

In 2001 there were over 40,00 people who were killed on the roads of the 15 member states of the European Union (EU), additionally around 3.3 million people were injured1. The costs to society exceeded €180 billion which is around twice the annual budget of the European Commission and 2% of EU GDP. In May 2004 a further 10 countries will join the EU increasing the total population to over 450 million people and the estimated numbers of road crash fatalities by 25% to over 50,000 each year. In 2001 the European Commission adopted a target of reducing fatalities by 50%2 within a decade and identified several areas where it could make a direct contribution within the constraints of subsidiarity. The target was reaffirmed in 20033 in the Road Safety Action Programme which provided further detail about actions it planned to introduce

Benefits and unintended consequences of antimicrobial de-escalation: Implications for stewardship programs

<div><p>Sequential antimicrobial de-escalation aims to minimize resistance to high-value broad-spectrum empiric antimicrobials by switching to alternative drugs when testing confirms susceptibility. Though widely practiced, the effects de-escalation are not well understood. Definitions of interventions and outcomes differ among studies. We use mathematical models of the transmission and evolution of <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> in an intensive care unit to assess the effect of de-escalation on a broad range of outcomes, and clarify expectations. In these models, de-escalation reduces the use of high-value drugs and preserves the effectiveness of empiric therapy, while also selecting for multidrug-resistant strains and leaving patients vulnerable to colonization and superinfection. The net effect of de-escalation in our models is to increase infection prevalence while also increasing the probability of effective treatment. Changes in mortality are small, and can be either positive or negative. The clinical significance of small changes in outcomes such as infection prevalence and death may exceed more easily detectable changes in drug use and resistance. Integrating harms and benefits into ranked outcomes for each patient may provide a way forward in the analysis of these tradeoffs. Our models provide a conceptual framework for the collection and interpretation of evidence needed to inform antimicrobial stewardship.</p></div

Additional file 1: of MARV: a tool for genome-wide multi-phenotype analysis of rare variants

marv_chr1-5.result. Original results files outputted from MARV from the case study using NFBC1966 data. (RESULT 17825 kb